Glossary

Contract of Affreightment

Definition

A Contract of Affreightment (COA) is a pivotal legal agreement forged between a shipper and a carrier in the shipping industry. This long-term contract stipulates the transportation of a specific amount of cargo over a set period. Key details such as cargo type and quantity, loading and unloading ports, shipment frequency, and freight rates are clearly outlined. COAs are particularly prevalent in the bulk cargo sector, facilitating the movement of commodities like oil, grain, or coal.

— sennder Team

FAQ

Unlike a single voyage charter, which is a one-off agreement for a specific journey, a COA covers multiple shipments over an extended timeframe. It offers shippers more predictable costs and assured capacity, while carriers benefit from consistent and stable revenue.
Utilizing a COA comes with several benefits: Cost Predictability: It allows shippers to manage their transportation budget effectively with fixed pricing. Guaranteed Capacity: Carriers commit to providing the agreed capacity, ensuring regular shipment of goods. Improved Planning: Both parties can optimize resources and operations with a long-term agreement. Simplified Administration: The COA reduces the complexity of scheduling and booking multiple shipments.
Some COAs may include clauses allowing renegotiation or adjustments in response to market changes, fuel costs, and other variables. However, any amendments depend on the initial contract terms and the mutual agreement of both parties.
Freight rates within a COA are typically set through negotiations, considering factors such as cargo volume, contract duration, shipping routes, market conditions, and service level requirements.

Example or usage in road freight logistics:

Imagine a global steel manufacturer signing a COA with a maritime carrier for the transportation of iron ore. The contract details the amount of ore to be shipped, the frequency of voyages, and the ports involved. This agreement enables the manufacturer to ensure a steady flow of raw materials at predictable costs. Simultaneously, the carrier secures a stable, long-term business commitment. Such arrangements illustrate the COA's role in fostering reliable and efficient logistics operations in the bulk shipping industry.

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